1 |
Central concepts in classical mechanics |
page 1 |
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1.1 |
Classical description |
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1.1.1 |
Conservation laws |
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1.1.2 |
Single-particle motion for simple potentials |
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1.2 |
Statistical description of particles |
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1.2.1 |
Liouville equation |
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1.2.2 |
Classical averaging of statistical distributions |
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Exercises |
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2 |
Central concepts of classical electrodynamics |
page 26 |
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2.1 |
Classical description of electromagnetic fields |
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2.1.1 |
Wave equation |
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2.1.2 |
Superposition of waves |
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2.2 |
Particle aspects of electromagnetic waves |
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2.2.1 |
Eikonal equation |
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2.2.2 |
Classical trajectories within wave equation |
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2.3 |
Generalized wave and Helmholtz equations |
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2.3.1 |
Formal eigenvalue problem |
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2.3.2 |
Temporal properties of generalized waves |
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2.3.3 |
Generalized waves and particles |
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Exercises |
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3 |
Central concepts in quantum mechanics |
page 48 |
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3.1 |
Schrödinger equation |
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3.1.1 |
Free quantum-mechanical propagation |
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3.1.2 |
Interpretation of the wave function |
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3.2 |
Expectation values in quantum mechanics |
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3.2.1 |
Particle momentum |
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3.2.2 |
Commutation relations |
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3.2.3 |
Canonical quantization |
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3.2.4 |
Representations of position and momentum operators |
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Exercises |
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4 |
Central concepts in stationary quantum theory |
page 65 |
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4.1 |
Stationary Schrödinger equation |
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4.2 |
One-dimensional Schrödinger equation |
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4.3 |
Classification of stationary eigenstates |
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4.3.1 |
Propagating solutions |
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4.3.2 |
Tunneling solutions |
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4.3.3 |
Bound solutions |
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4.4 |
Generic classification of energy eigenstates |
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Exercises |
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5 |
Central concepts in measurement theory |
page 86 |
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5.1 |
Hermitian operators |
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5.2 |
Eigenvalue problems |
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5.2.1 |
Dirac notation |
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5.2.2 |
Central eigenvalue problems |
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5.3 |
Born's theorem |
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5.3.1 |
Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
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5.3.2 |
Schrödinger and Heisenberg picture |
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Exercises |
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6 |
Wigner's phase-space representation |
page 101 |
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6.1 |
Wigner function |
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6.1.1 |
Averages in phase space |
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6.1.2 |
Quantum properties of the Wigner function |
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6.1.3 |
Negativity of the Wigner function |
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6.2 |
Wigner-function dynamics |
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6.3 |
Density matrix |
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6.4 |
Feasibility of quantum-dynamical computations |
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Exercises |
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7 |
Hamiltonian formulation of classical electrodynamics |
page 121 |
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7.1 |
Basic concepts |
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7.2 |
Hamiltonian for classical electrodynamics |
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7.2.1 |
Functional derivative |
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7.2.2 |
Electromagnetic-field Hamiltonian |
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7.3 |
Hamilton equations for light-matter system |
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7.3.1 |
Classical particle equations |
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7.3.2 |
Classical equations for the
electromagnetic field |
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7.4 |
Generalized system Hamiltonian |
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Exercises |
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8 |
System Hamiltonian of classical electrodynamics |
page 141 |
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8.1 |
Elimination of the scalar potential |
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8.2 |
Coulomb and Lorentz gauge |
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8.2.1 |
Scalar-potential elimination in the
Coulomb gauge |
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8.2.2 |
Scalar-potential elimination in the
Lorentz gauge |
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8.3 |
Transversal and longitudinal fields |
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8.3.1 |
Poisson equation |
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8.3.2 |
Wave equation |
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8.4 |
Mode expansion of the electromagnetic field |
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8.4.1 |
Modes with periodic boundary conditions |
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8.4.2 |
Real-valued mode expansion |
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8.4.3 |
Particle aspects |
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Exercises |
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9 |
System Hamiltonian in the generalized Coulomb gauge |
page 162 |
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9.1 |
Separation of electronic and ionic motion |
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9.2 |
Inclusion of the ionic polarizability |
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9.2.1 |
Generalized Coulomb gauge |
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9.2.2 |
System Hamiltonian |
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9.3 |
Generalized Coulomb potential |
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9.3.1 |
Image potentials |
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9.3.2 |
Generalized Coulomb potential |
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9.4 |
Generalized light-mode functions |
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9.4.1 |
Transmission and reflection of light modes |
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9.4.2 |
Boundary conditions |
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9.4.3 |
Fresnel coefficients for s and p-polarized modes |
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9.4.4 |
Transfer-matrix
solutions for generalized modes |
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Exercises |
|
10 |
Quantization of light and matter |
page 193 |
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10.1 |
Canonical quantization |
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10.1.1 |
Toward semiconductor quantum optics |
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10.1.2 |
Real vs. auxiliary quantization space |
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10.2 |
Second quantization of light |
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10.2.1 |
Unitary transformations |
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10.2.2 |
Complex-valued modes |
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10.3 |
Eigenstates of quantized modes |
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10.3.1 |
Explicit representation of operators |
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10.3.2 |
Properties of creation and annihilation operators |
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10.3.3 |
Fock states |
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10.3.4 |
Fock states in x space |
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10.4 |
Elementary properties of Fock states |
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10.4.1 |
Quantum statistics in terms of Fock states |
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10.4.2 |
Vacuum-field fluctuations |
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Exercises |
|
11 |
Quasiparticles in semiconductors |
page 218 |
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11.1 |
Second-quantization formalism |
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11.1.1 |
Fermion many-body states |
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11.1.2 |
Fermion creation and annihilation operators |
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11.1.3 |
Fermions in second quantization |
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11.1.4 |
Pragmatic formulation of second quantization |
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11.2 |
System Hamiltonian of solids |
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11.2.1 |
Second quantization of system Hamiltonian |
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11.2.2 |
Second quantization of lattice vibrations |
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Exercises |
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12 |
Band structure of solids |
page 240 |
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12.1 |
Electrons in the periodic lattice potential |
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12.1.1 |
k·p theory |
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12.1.2 |
Two-band approximation |
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12.2 |
Systems with reduced effective dimensionality |
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12.2.1 |
Quasi two-, one-, and zero-dimensional
systems |
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12.2.2 |
Electron density of states |
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Exercises |
|
13 |
Interactions in semiconductors |
page 253 |
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13.1 |
Many-body Hamiltonian |
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13.2 |
Light-matter interaction |
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13.2.1 |
Separation of length scales |
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13.2.2 |
Light-matter-coupling integrals |
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13.2.3 |
Inner products within k·p theory |
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13.2.4 |
Light-matter interaction in k·p theory |
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13.3 |
Phonon-carrier interaction |
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13.4 |
Coulomb interaction |
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13.5 |
Complete system Hamiltonian in different dimensions |
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13.5.1 |
Quantum-well system Hamiltonian |
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13.5.2 |
Quantum-wire system Hamiltonian |
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13.5.3 |
Quantum-dot system Hamiltonian |
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Exercises |
|
14 |
Generic quantum dynamics |
page 279 |
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14.1 |
Dynamics of elementary operators |
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14.1.1 |
Evaluation strategy |
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14.1.2 |
Quantum dynamics of free quasiparticles |
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14.1.3 |
Photon-operator dynamics |
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14.1.4 |
Macroscopic matter-response operators |
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14.1.5 |
Phonon and carrier dynamics |
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14.2 |
Formal properties of light |
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14.2.1 |
Quantized wave equation |
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14.2.2 |
Plasmon response |
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14.3 |
Formal properties of general operators |
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14.3.1 |
Operator hierarchy problem |
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14.3.2 |
BBGKY hierarchy problem |
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Exercises |
|
15 |
Cluster-expansion representation of the quantum dynamics |
page 304 |
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15.1 |
Singlet factorization |
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15.1.1 |
Expectation values of a Slater-determinant
state |
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15.1.2 |
Hartree-Fock approximation and singlet
factorization |
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15.2 |
Cluster expansion |
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15.2.1 |
Boson and Fermion factorizations |
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15.2.2 |
Most relevant singlet-doublet
factorizations |
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15.3 |
Quantum dynamics of expectation values |
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15.4 |
Quantum dynamics of correlations |
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15.5 |
Scattering in terms of correlations |
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Exercises |
|
16 |
Simple many-body systems |
page 324 |
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16.1 |
Single pair state |
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16.1.1 |
Electron-hole system |
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16.1.2 |
Separation of relative and center-of-mass
motion |
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16.2 |
Hydrogen-like eigenstates |
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16.2.1 |
Low-dimensional systems |
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16.2.2 |
Numerical solutions of bound and unbound
states |
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16.3 |
Optical dipole |
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16.3.1 |
Momentum-matrix elements |
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16.3.2 |
Long-wave length limit for the A.p interaction |
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Exercises |
|
17 |
Hierarchy problem for dipole systems |
page 345 |
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17.1 |
Quantum dynamics in the A.p picture |
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17.1.1 |
Lorentz force |
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17.1.2 |
Time scale for the center-of-mass motion |
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17.2 |
Light-matter coupling |
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17.3 |
Dipole emission |
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17.3.1 |
Dipole-emission dynamics |
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17.3.2 |
Emission of planar dipoles |
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17.4 |
Quantum dynamics in the E.x picture |
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17.4.1 |
Göppert-Mayer transformation |
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17.4.2 |
Dipole self energy |
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17.4.3 |
System Hamiltonian |
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17.4.4 |
Quantum dynamics |
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Exercises |
|
18 |
Two-level approximation for optical transitions |
page 365 |
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18.1 |
Classical optics in atomic systems |
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18.1.1 |
Separation of relative and center-of-mass
motion |
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18.1.2 |
Formal aspects of the optical excitation |
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18.1.3 |
Two-level approximation |
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18.1.4 |
Rotating-wave approximation (RWA) |
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18.2 |
Two-level system solutions |
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18.2.1 |
Analytic solution of the two-level system |
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18.2.2 |
Bloch-vector representation |
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18.2.3 |
Rabi oscillations |
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18.2.4 |
Pulse area and Rabi flopping |
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18.2.5 |
Square-pulse excitation |
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Exercises |
|
19 |
Self-consistent extension of the two-level approach |
page 388 |
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19.1 |
Spatial coupling between light and two-level system |
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19.1.1 |
Center-of-mass distribution in optical
coupling |
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19.1.2 |
Optical Bloch equations |
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19.1.3 |
Angle parameterization of Bloch vector |
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19.2 |
Maxwell-optical Bloch equations |
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19.2.1 |
Radiative decay of the atomic dipole |
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19.2.2 |
Radiative decay of planar dipoles |
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19.3 |
Optical Bloch equations with radiative coupling |
|
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Exercises |
|
20 |
Dissipative extension of the two-level approach | page 405 |
|
20.1 |
Spin representation of optical excitations |
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20.2 |
Dynamics of Pauli spin matrices |
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20.3 |
Phenomenological dephasing |
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20.3.1 |
Dephasing-induced effects |
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20.3.2 |
Dephasing and radiative decay |
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20.4 |
Coupling between reservoir and two-level system |
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20.4.1 |
Master-equation description of dephasing |
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20.4.2 |
Master-equation for two-level system |
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Exercises |
|
21 |
Quantum-optical extension of the two-level approach |
page 420 |
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21.1 |
Quantum-optical system Hamiltonian |
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21.1.1 |
Reduction to two-level system |
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21.1.2 |
Rotating-wave approximation |
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21.1.3 |
Operator dynamics |
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21.1.4 |
Quantum-optical hierarchy problem |
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21.2 |
Jaynes-Cummings model |
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21.2.1 |
Eigenstates |
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21.2.2 |
Interacting Jaynes-Cummings states |
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21.2.3 |
Jaynes-Cummings ladder |
|
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Exercises |
|
22 |
Quantum dynamics of two-level system |
page 438 |
|
22.1 |
Formal quantum dynamics |
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22.1.1 |
Wave-function dynamics |
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22.1.2 |
Dynamics of density matrices |
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22.2 |
Quantum Rabi flopping |
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22.2.1 |
Observation of quantum rungs |
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22.2.2 |
Semiclassical interpretation |
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22.3 |
Coherent states |
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22.3.1 |
Displacement operator |
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22.3.2 |
Shot-noise limit |
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22.4 |
Quantum-optical response to superposition states |
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22.4.1 |
Collapses and revivals of excitations |
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22.4.2 |
Origin of collapses and revivals |
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22.4.3 |
Quantum-statistical modifications |
|
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Exercises |
|
23 |
Spectroscopy and quantum-optical correlations |
page 457 |
|
23.1 |
Quantum-optical spectroscopy |
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23.2 |
Quantum-statistical representations |
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23.2.1 |
Wigner function |
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23.2.2 |
Quantum-statistical pluralism |
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23.3 |
Thermal state |
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23.3.1 |
Thermal fluctuations |
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23.3.2 |
Quantum-optical spectroscopy with thermal source |
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23.4 |
Cluster-expansion dynamics |
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23.4.1 |
Identification of correlated clusters |
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23.4.2 |
Beyond Maxwell-optical Bloch equations |
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23.4.3 |
General singlet-doublet dynamics |
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23.4.4 |
Luminescence equations for two-level system |
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23.5 |
Quantum-optics at the singlet-doublet level |
|
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Exercises |
|
24 |
General aspects of semiconductor optics |
page 480 |
|
24.1 |
Semiconductor nanostructures |
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24.1.1 |
Homogeneous many-body states |
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24.1.2 |
Two-band model and electron-hole picture |
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24.2 |
Operator dynamics of solids in optical regime |
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24.2.1 |
Dynamics of elementary operators |
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24.2.2 |
Explicit operator dynamics |
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24.3 |
Cluster-expansion dynamics |
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24.4 |
Relevant singlets and doublets |
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24.5 |
Dynamics of singlets |
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24.5.1 |
Separation of singlets and doublets |
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24.5.2 |
Closed set of singlets |
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Exercises |
|
25 |
Introductory semiconductor optics |
page 499 |
|
25.1 |
Optical Bloch equations |
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25.1.1 |
Two-level aspects of semiconductors |
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25.1.2 |
Electronic wave function in the singlet
analysis |
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25.2 |
Linear response |
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25.2.1 |
Linear polarization |
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25.2.2 |
Weak excitation of densities |
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25.2.3 |
Weak square-pulse excitation |
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25.2.4 |
Transient polarization vs. stationary density |
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25.3 |
Coherent vs. incoherent quantities |
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25.3.1 |
Coherent vs. incoherent correlations |
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25.3.2 |
Coherence in quantum optics |
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25.4 |
Temporal aspects in semiconductor excitations |
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25.4.1 |
Rotating-wave approximation |
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25.4.2 |
Separation of time scales |
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25.4.3 |
Electrical field and dipole interaction |
|
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Exercises |
|
26 |
Maxwell-semiconductor Bloch equations |
page 521 |
|
26.1 |
Semiconductor Bloch equations |
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|
26.1.1 |
Maxwell-semiconductor Bloch equations |
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26.1.2 |
Coupling to doublet-correlations |
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26.2 |
Excitonic states |
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26.2.1 |
Left- and right-handed excitonic states |
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26.2.2 |
Density-dependent aspects of the 1s resonance |
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26.3 |
Semiconductor Bloch equations in the exciton basis |
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|
26.4 |
Linear optical response |
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26.4.1 |
Elliott formula |
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26.4.2 |
Self-consistent optical response |
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|
26.4.3 |
Quantitative measurements and dephasing |
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26.4.4 |
Radiative polarization decay |
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26.5 |
Excitation-induced dephasing |
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|
26.5.1 |
Density-dependent absorption |
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|
26.5.2 |
Diffusive model |
|
|
Exercises |
|
27 |
Coherent vs. incoherent excitons |
page 550 |
|
27.1 |
General singlet excitations |
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|
27.1.1 |
Coherent limit |
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|
27.1.2 |
Many-body state of singlet excitations |
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|
27.1.3 |
Coherent excitonic polarization |
|
|
27.2 |
Incoherent excitons |
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|
27.2.1 |
Dynamics of exciton correlations |
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27.2.2 |
Polarization-to-population transfer |
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27.3 |
Electron-hole correlations in the exciton basis |
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|
27.3.1 |
Correlated electron-hole plasma |
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|
27.3.2 |
Energy considerations |
|
|
Exercises |
|
28 |
Semiconductor luminescence equations |
page 572 |
|
28.1 |
Incoherent photon emission |
|
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|
28.1.1 |
Photon emission vs. electron-hole
recombination |
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|
28.1.2 |
Exciton-correlation dynamics |
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|
28.2 |
Dynamics of photon-assisted correlations |
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|
28.2.1 |
Spontaneous-emission source |
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|
28.2.2 |
Semiconductor luminescence equations |
|
|
28.3 |
Analytic investigation of the semiconductor luminescence |
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|
28.3.1 |
Wannier excitons with finite center-of-mass
momentum |
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|
28.3.2 |
Elliott formula for luminescence |
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|
28.3.3 |
Plasma vs. population source
in photoluminescence |
|
|
28.4 |
Excitonic signatures in the semiconductor luminescence |
|
|
Exercises |
|
29 |
Many-body aspects of the semiconductor luminescence |
page 593 |
|
29.1 |
Origin of excitonic plasma luminescence |
|
|
|
29.1.1 |
Energy redistribution dynamics |
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|
29.1.2 |
Energy flow between many-body states and
photons |
|
|
29.2 |
Excitonic plasma luminescence |
|
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|
29.2.1 |
Radiative recombination of carriers vs. excitons |
|
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|
29.2.2 |
Hole burning in exciton distributions |
|
|
29.3 |
Direct detection of excitons |
|
|
Exercises |
|
30 |
Advanced semiconductor quantum optics |
page 608 |
|
30.1 |
General singlet-doublet dynamics |
|
|
|
30.1.1 |
Coherent coupling in the Πv,c dynamics |
|
|
|
30.1.2 |
General Πλ,λ' dynamics |
|
|
|
30.1.3 |
General dynamics of carrier doublets |
|
|
|
30.1.4 |
Singlet-doublet correlations and beyond |
|
|
30.2 |
Advanced quantum optics in the incoherent regime |
|
|
|
30.2.1 |
Semiconductor luminescence in a cavity |
|
|
|
30.2.2 |
Interference effects in incoherent
luminescence |
|
|
|
30.2.3 |
Phonon sidebands |
|
|
|
30.2.4 |
Quantum-dot emission |
|
|
30.3 |
Advanced quantum optics in the coherent regime |
|
|
|
30.3.1 |
Squeezing in the resonance fluorescence |
|
|
|
30.3.2 |
Coherent quantum-optical correlations |
|
|
|
30.3.3 |
Quantum-optical spectroscopy |
|
|
|
30.3.4 |
Quantum optics in simple vs. complicated
systems |
|
|
Exercises |
|
|
|
Appendix - Conservation laws for the transfer matrix |
page 627 |
|
A.1 |
Wronskian induced constraints |
|
|
A.2 |
Current induced constraints |
|
|
A.3 |
Explicit conservation laws |
|
|
Index |
page 633 |